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| evolution of the first cell in the prebiotic soup...why not??? |
Given all of this what would the first cell look like? What are some of the most basic functions it would need? Describe what you would think the first cell would look like in a purely evolution scenario. Also what would it have to be protected from? Could a cell evolve given what we know about cells today?
Due March 18
What an evolutionary cell would look like: A cell would need a membrane, (consisting of proteins and phospholipids?). It would need nucleotides and some mechanism for translating DNA and some mechanism for gathering and using energy. It would need at least some simplistic forms of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles.
ReplyDeleteAs for basic functions:
It must be able to undergo cellular metabolism, meaning that it must have some way of both gaining and using energy, either by intake of food particles or through photosynthesis.
It must be able to reproduce itself, or else there will be no more cells.
It must be able to grow.
It must be able to carry out “certain catalytic functions.”
It must be able to transport molecules around inside of itself.
It must be able to transcribe and package DNA.
It must have some sort of structure to keep it from collapsing.
It must be able to protect itself and heal, or else it will die.
How they were formed from an evolutionary standpoint: Supposedly, the explosion from the big bang created basic atoms like hydrogen or helium, and a dying star smashed them together into bigger atoms like oxygen or carbon. These then entered some sort of prebiotic soup by diffusion, got cozy, and formed molecules, which then somehow (possible through energy from lightening or something like that) assembled themselves into membranes and eventually into working cells.
The cell needs to protect itself from bacteria, viruses, harmful chemicals, temperature fluctuations, high or low salt content, and even constricting spaces.
The cell protects itself from foreign bodies with a variety of proteins and receptors in its membrane. To control its salt or water content, it uses special channels. And to keep itself from being ruptured in constricting spaces, it has a cytoskeleton and special proteins in its membrane.
As to whether or not cells could evolve:
We know that phospholipids do form micelles on their own, but it takes purposeful effort on behalf of a thinking human to form them into a bilayer. Likewise, it also takes a “pattern” for nucleotides to self assemble. So, for a cell to just have a membrane or DNA or even RNA would be highly labor intensive, and also highly unlikely. Furthermore, components of the cell, such as its flagella, exhibit irreducible complexity, making it nearly impossible to have evolved. All of this together makes evolution look highly unlikely, but as we look closer (and we could look much, much closer, but...this is a blog, not a research paper...), it gets even more implausible until it is impossible altogether. Even the cytoplasm of a cell, which was formerly thought of as a simple glob of cellular jelly, is jam-packed with multitudes of complex organelles. Furthermore, even though Stanley Miller was able to make some amino acids, he got both right and left handed ones, which is still not conducive to the formation of living, functional cells. So, given all of this and more, the evolution of cells is impossible.
The first cells present on earth must have had several characteristics, including the following: a protective membrane of some sort, a simple nucleus, a metabolismic entity of some sort, macromolecules for structure, a method of DNA translation and protein manufacturing, and exterior protein receptors. It would need to carry out the following functions:
ReplyDeleteProtection of internal organelles
Translation/Transcription
Reproduction
Energy consumption/production
Reconstruction of deteriorating components
Maturation
According to evolutionary theories, the first cells would have formed from a “pre-biotic” soup. Because of the conditions in which it would have lived, the first cells (from an evolutionary perspective) would have been made from the construction of various amino acids into proteins and macromolecules. These amino acids supposedly formed from small molecules that existed in the aqueous soup. Apparently the components that make up a phospholipid membrane were also existent in the soup, and membranes formed around the amino acids. In order to survive, this cell would have to be protected from a number of potential predators. Because the cell is the first ever, it would not have to be protected from cells such as viruses and bacteria, as they would not yet exist. However, it would have to be protected from the environment surrounding it. The environment would pose threats such as extreme high temperatures or dangerous chemicals.
According to what we know today, the facts point to a cell NOT being able to evolve into a more complex organism. It all boils down to the membrane--because a phospholipid membrane naturally forms a micelle, and not a bilayer, we cannot assume that a bilayer would be formed from the pre-biotic soup. For this reason, cellular change points to an intelligent designer.
In order for a cell to exist, it must have a phospholipid bilayer to protect its chemical processes from foreign substances. Supposing that there are already amino acids, phospholipids, and nucleotides that have formed in the pre-biotic soup, a micelle might form around a number of these and other molecules. Since it is only a phospholipid monolayer, the micelle would be far more permeable than a bilayer. Thus, molecules needed for life would pass in and out. Eventually, if the micelle was big enough, a large enough molecule might try to enter the cell, causing an invagination of the monolayer at one point. If it continued its inward progress, the molecule might push the monolayer inward enough to cause the phospholipids to close around it. Then it might break off within the micelle, forming an organelle-like structure. This would be a sort of induced phagocytosis, where the micelle “eats” its own phospholipids. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids within the micelle would be attracted to the inward-facing tails of the micelle phospholipids. This may happen more than once, and a rough bilayer would be formed.
ReplyDeleteThe cell must then be able to obtain the molecules/ions it needs. It needs a mechanism to do this, since the bilayer prevents easy exchange of larger or charged substances with the surrounding pre-biotic soup. I said previously that a “rough bilayer” would form after the induced phagocytosis occurred. Because the micelle took in a relatively small portion of its phospholipids, not all of the remaining phospholipids in the original monolayer would be paired up with the engulfed phospholipids; hence the bilayer’s “roughness.” As the phospholipids move around to complete the bilayer, perhaps the amino acids within the forming cell have formed prototypical proteins. These might then try to get out of the cell through a spot in the membrane that has not yet become double-layered. At the same time, the bilayer would be forming, and the proteins could get stuck in the bilayer. This could be the start of integrated and peripheral membrane proteins and the formation of protein channels.
Apart the membrane and mechanisms for selective interaction with the outside soup, this first cell would be very simple. It would initially have no organelles. The first chemical processes would have to be completely random as particles just happen to find each other and make what the cell needs to become a cell. Eventually, genetic material, probably RNA, would have to form from the nucleic acids enclosed by the original micelle. This would then begin to regulate and cause the cell to perform specific chemical processes, since it would code for certain proteins to form. This assumes, however, that some mechanism for protein formation, like ribosomes, came into existence as the RNA was forming. Now that specific proteins can be formed, the cell can direct its activities to obtain forms of energy it needs to function.
(Part 2 of my comment)
ReplyDeleteFinally, the cell must be able to reproduce. The only way this could happen in that original cell is by accident. Either the genetic material must have so perfect a sequence of nucleic acids that it already codes for something like mitosis, or something outside the cell must act upon it. Perhaps, in the random formation of genetic material within the cell, the RNA formed two separate strands that both directed the cell’s chemical processes. Then, some external force might act upon the cell to cause cytokinesis and the RNA strands would separate into what would be the daughter cells. Each new cell would be a bit different than the parent, since the RNA strands would not be identical. But eventually, a more complex form of reproduction would have to evolve for life to continue, one that is embedded in the cell’s genetic material.
A process like the one just described could never happen. Parts of it may be observed in nature, such as micelle formation, but there are too many things that must occur ever so perfectly for the cell to form. The right materials must be available, substances must form with perfect timing and precision, and in order for any of this to work, we must assume a great deal. In the end, we see that again, a Creator must act in order for life to exist even at the most fundamental level.
The first cells obviously needed to be a pretty basic structure.
ReplyDeleteThe formation of the first cells started with the development of macromolecules. These molecules contained the ability to polymerize and reproduce themselves, claiming to be the first form of reproduction in cells. The first cells would need would be the ability to form a membrane and bilayer out of phospholipids. It would need the outside membrane to be able to protect itself from harmful chemical substances, bacteria, or viruses that could try to enter the cell. The lipid bilayer is important because molecules have to pass through this layer to get into the cell and be used by the cell. Phospholipids are the most basic components of all cells. They are amphipathic molecules that are soluble in water and also not soluble in water. When they come in contact with water, they create the lipid bilayer. The cells also have a nucleus, but it would only be a simple structured nucleus in the beginning. Some of the primary functions of the first cells are consuming energy through the metabolism so they are able to use energy in an effective way (photosynthesis). Secondly, growth and reproduction must occur in order to produce more cells that will grow and reproduce. Thirdly, the cells must be able to translate and transcribe DNA.
Given what we know about cells today, I agree with what my classmates have stated. Cells are far too complex and perfectly orchestrated to rely on the theory of evolution. All the correct molecules and processes occurred at the right timing to create cells, and evolution cannot fully explain this creation. Even what we see as a simple membrane layer of the cell is so complex, built by many different molecules. Only the one creator of our world can create such a complex organism that works perfectly.
The cell is the basic subunit of life. All complex organisms are made of these integral building blocks. Cells are absolutely fundamental to life. Consequently, evolutionists have worked hard to produce a theory explaining the origin of cells. They claim that the first cell was formed in a turbulent prebiotic earth. In the violence following the Big Bang, the cell would have to be protected from frequent asteroid impacts, fierce volcanic activity and the frigid temperatures created by earth’s incredibly thick atmosphere. Our earliest ancestor would have to be protected from the chaotic destruction and extreme temperatures that characterized the early earth.
ReplyDeleteTo survive and flourish, the cell would need protection from its harsh environment, the ability to perform basic cellular functions and the potential to initiate the universal genetic code. Metabolic and reproductive capabilities, cellular machinery for protein synthesis and a protective, enclosing membrane would all be minimum necessities for the first cell. Thus, the first cell was probably covered in a simple, protein-based cell membrane. Synthesized by heated amino acids, this hard covering could have weathered the chaos of the early earth. Inside the membrane, nucleotides and basic structures for translation could have begun coding to create the first cell-generated proteins. Utilizing DNA floating within the cell, reproduction could also eventually take place.
From this primitive progenitor, cells would evolve through natural selection. Synthesized in “prebiotic soup” by reducing atmospheric elements, the cell would wash up on a prehistoric shore. Coming into contact with other beached cellular entities, the first cell would take on stray phospholipids to form a bilayered cell membrane and benefit from the surrounding cellular material. Eventually, it would be able to reproduce to create a stable colony of simple, living cells.
However, the chance of actually creating a cell in this fashion is next to impossible. For one, phospholipids do not automatically form a bilayer when placed in water. Rather, they form a micelle: A single-layered coalition of phospholipids that cannot support life. Additionally, cell processes are extremely complex. Even today, modern science cannot explain much of cellular life. What are the odds of having a set of nucleotides in the first cell that can sustain life and what would trigger translation in the first place? How could this incredibly specific set of nucleotides be trapped in a single protein covering at precisely the right time? What would cause the nucleotides to begin coding for reproduction? What would ensure the meeting of the right elements at the right time in the vast prehistoric ocean? These incredibly specific circumstances could hardly occur in billions of years. Instead, the awe-inspiring complexity of life can only be attributed to an intelligent, all-powerful Creator.
Good input Matt...what if the conditions were right for the construction of lipid bilayers? would that change the possibilities of the evolution of the first cells?
ReplyDeleteDrFrancis
It might increase the chances of evolving a cell. With a phospholipid bilayer, a growing cell would be able to benefit from the semi-permeable membrane and its ability to import/export solutes. The cell would also be able to respond to outside stimuli more effectively. However, the bilayer is weaker than a protein-based casing and would provide less protection from its violent surroundings. In addition, the odds of evolving a sustainable cell would still remain infinitesimally small due to the incredible complexity of every other integral cell part. To develop even one other organelle much less all of the parts necessary for a cell is highly improbable.
ReplyDeleteThe first cell would be smaller than the smallest of cells today and the least complex. Some of the most basic functions it would need are a membrane to protect itself, a replication process, a source of energy and transportation. In a purely evolution scenario the first cell would look nearly identical to pre-biotic materials except that it would have some type of thin outer membrane. The cell would be much like a white blood cell where its entire body is a stomach in order to digest molecules that it may run into. It would also somehow have acquired DNA to replicate itself when needed. This cell would need a membrane to protect it from spilling its important inner materials and from digesting things that may cause damage to the cell. A cell cannot evolve given what we know about them today because their functions are too perfect and precise to have been just created by pure chance. Therefore it only enforces the truth that the birth of cells can only be from God Himself.
ReplyDeleteThe first cells formed through the process of evolution would look relatively similar to the cells we have today. The basic elements of a cell that would have to be present are a phospholipid cell membrane, genetic nucleic acids, and structures that are capable of absorbing/using energy.
ReplyDeleteThe cell must be able to perform a plethora of activities in order to stave off the inevitable chemical equilibrium known as death. These activities include the ability to reproduce, use and consume energy, code for proteins, and self regulate, along with several other tasks. For an evolutionary cell to live, it must possess in some form or fashion these crucial elements.
If the evolutionary process was responsible for the formation of life, then it is implied that the first cells are much less complex compared to the cells of today. And while these first cells would still need to contain the important structures and capabilities that define cellular life, these early cells would have forgone much of the extra parts. Technically, it is possible for cells to survive without any organelles (prokaryotes) and even without any original way to reproduce (virus). Thus, early cells would probably have existed as a very basic form of life.
The scientific research that has gone into determining the veracity of evolution is very large. Therefore, substantial amounts of testing have been performed specifically aimed at solving the basic issue of evolution: “How can life come from nonlife?” While there are still many problems facing Evolutionists, there is a very real possibility that evolution did occur, according to the scientific knowledge thus far. Most of the problems of evolution are slowly being solved. Evidence procured by Stanley Miller and others have helped support the evolutionary belief. However, the problem for evolution currently is not whether or not it could happen, but rather whether or not it would ever happen. To restate it: the problem isn’t possibility but plausibility. With this in mind, I would stress that while it is theoretically and scientifically possible, it is NOT plausible, as the chance of occurrence is so miniscule that the possibility is essentially zero.
The first cells had a very basic membrane, made out of phospholipids. This bilayer could be formed when individual phospholipids are placed in water, and because of their amphipathic nature, form a bilayer in an attempt to get closer or farther away from the water molecules, depending on which end the phospholipid is. This membrane is essential to protect the cell from invaders such as bacteria or viruses. The bilayer also regulates which molecules can enter and leave the cell, an absolutely essential function. The cell would also need a simple nucleus to regulate basic cell functions. The first cells formed with the development of macromolecules, which have the ability to polymerize and reproduce themselves. Another essential function of the first cells would have to be metabolism, in order to undergo other cell processes. This metabolism would most likely be photosynthesis in the early cells. The cell must also have the ability to reproduce itself, otherwise, the world would still only be composed of one cell. Inherent in cellular reproduction is the ability to transcript and translate DNA and RNA. This is another essential process. Cells nowadays are so complex and so highly organized, that they have the Creator’s stamp all over them. I don’t think there is any evolutionary possibility of these highly designed cells arising from primitive cells. It has been proven that the universe becomes more random with time, thus it is silly to think that simpler cells eventually evolved into the complex cells that we have today. Only God could have created our cells!
ReplyDeleteThe first cells were simple and basic. They had a membrane and a lipid bilayer formed by phospholipids to protect it from certain chemicals, bacteria and viruses. They also had a simple nucleus at the center. The first cells' functions were also very simple. They performed photosynthesis, protein synthesis, reproduction and a few other simple mechanisms. They had to have been able to translate and transcribe DNA. These cells most likely evolved from natural selection, changing with the given surroundings of certain materials over time. The first cells are too perfect to be produced.
ReplyDeleteWith science there is never usually a clear definite answer to our hypotheses unless proven experimentally. We will never know the entirety of what they consisted of until we meet the creator Himself in heaven. It will be very interesting to finally be perfectly educated on the detail of all of God's creations.
The first cells would need to be able to perform several functions and protects itself from outside forces that could harm it. For starters the cell would need somewhere to house its genetic material, a basic nucleus. It would also need a way of replicating and translating it's genetic material so that the cell could reproduce. Also, for the cell to perform basic functions and interact with its exterior environment it would need protein receptors on a membrane. A membrane would be absolutely necessary for the first cell not only to so that the cell could interact with its environment but also to contain all of its internal organelles and protect itself from the outside forces. Evolutionists believe that the first environments were harsh with extreme temperatures and UV rays. The cells would need to be able to live in the extremes that could have been present. Also the membrane would protect the organelles from directly interacting with all of its surroundings, it forces the cell to only interact with those that fit in the receptors.
ReplyDeleteIn an evolutionary scenario the first cell would of come from a "prebiotic soup". This soup would have small molecules that came together to form amino acids and eventually proteins. As we have learned phospholipids do not generally form in a bilayer, they form a micelle. Knowing this it would have been very difficult to find a lipid bilayer in the "prebiotic soup." As we stated earlier a membrane is essential to a cell therefore the "prebiotic soup" theory is not likely. If you don't have the membrane, you don't have the cell.
The first cells must have some sort of membrane to provide protection from early bacteria or viruses. A phospholipid bilayer is the most effective membrane. It would also need a nucleus to function as the control center of the cell, as well as proteins and organelles to perform basic cell functions. Transcription, translation, the capability to regulate itself, and the ability to reproduce are just a few of the most basic functions it would participate in.
ReplyDeleteFrom an evolutionary view, everything began with a “prebiotic soup”. Inside this soup were random amino acids and other molecules just floating around. The conditions had to be perfect for these amino acids to become proteins and join together with the other molecules to form cells. It is very difficult to imagine how some lightning and the right temperature could have allowed this combination to form cells, yet that is the position that many evolutionists take.
This first cell would have to be protected from the extreme temperatures found in the early stages of life on earth, as well as future, potential threats that would evolve, such as viruses and bacteria.
Given what we know about cells today, it is extremely unlikely for a cell to have evolved. Scientists have found that phospholipids naturally form micelles and not bilayers. Also, when we look at how complex a cell is and all the tiny details that have to be just right for the cell to function correctly, it is hard to imagine that such a detailed object could have formed out of random chance.
In looking at the evolution of cells, it is important to remember the evolution of the rest of the Earth as well. Yes, the first cells must have been very basic in function and structure with a simple nucleus and some organelles for metabolism. These cells must also be extremely durable. Now about the Earth, supposedly, the Earth was partly formed and structured by all sorts of different collisions of asteroids, comets, and even radiation from exploding nebula. If the cells were trying to form during these harsh times they would certainly need protection. Even if they were formed afterwards, there was still plenty of energy disequilibrium and other happenings they needed to be protected from. Is it possible that the first cells were actually bigger than cells today and because of their size made it difficult to live? Did natural selection allow them to shrink through time? Also, one theory has it that the Earth was born from the Sun, or another star of some sort. If this is true, then there would be plenty of heat for the amino acids to eventually form(Referring to the article).
ReplyDeleteWith all the chaos and spontaneous reactions increasing throughout the universe and its taking affect on the Earth, perhaps the first cells needed to get "smarter". They eventually developed through all the various trails and soon needed to focus on progressing forward. From here, the cells eventually split into prokaryote and eukaryote. Extremophiles can handle extremely different habitats. So those cells traded their mind (nucleus) for durability. While others kept their simple nucleus and further advanced to be a myriad of different cells all with their own purposes. This seems rather reasonable if a bacteria only needs 182 proteins to survive, then the most basic cell should require less.
I am not sure how this fits into Scripture, but I am pretty sure it does not. There are many debates on how God actually created everything. Did He do it in six days or did or did He use evolution? In any case, God is the beginning of all of it and should not be forgotten in the midst of discussion on creation, evolution, and life as we know it.
(I hope I somewhat interacted with the topic :) )
Evolutionary scientists claim that when the world was evolving, it was a very chaotic and environmentally difficult place for a cell to survive.This means that the first evolutionary cell would require some key characteristics. These include: a tough cell membrane for protection probably composed of different protein structures, a type of nucleus containing nucleotides that code for self sustaining proteins, a cytoplasm, a macromolecule to collect and use energy, organelles for basic cell function, an ability to perform transcription and translation, reproductive capabilities, and protein receptors.
ReplyDeleteThe first cell would have needed just a few basic functions for sustaining life: The ability to collect and use energy, transcription and translation, reproduction, and protein receptors that could keep things in and out as needed.
Scientists say that the first cell was formed in something called the "prebiotic soup." This is the theory that amino acids can be formed in this solution and from this they would then, under the right conditions, be able to form proteins. This would in a sense be the beginning of a cell developing. After coming out of the solution, it could come in contact with other entities such as phospholipids and thus form a bilayer that could keep the cell alive. This along with several other factors of coming in contact with the right macromolecules and having the proper protein receptors would allow the cell to survive and eventually reproduce. That being said it would have to be able to survive harsh conditions and well as different chemicals that could destroy different parts of the cell.
The problem with this theory is that when a phospholipids are placed in water they do not form a bilayer but rather they form a micelle. Its a single layered structure that cannot support life. This in and of itself almost completely destroys this theory because without the phospholipid bilayer the cell would not be able to interact with the outside world. Along with the micelle, another reason this could not occur is simply the vast complexity it would require for everything in a cell to come together. From nucleotides to organelles, scientists today cannot fully explain them and it is almost impossible to imagine that those perfect conditions would have occurred for every little aspect of the cell to be created and evolve.
Rather what makes so much more sense is a God that is so powerful and intelligent that he could create cells in their greatest complexity with only a word. He created and sustains all that we see and without Him we would have nothing!
Early life is a fascinating topic to research and discuss. Thanks for picking this, Dr. Francis! I look forward to what we all have learned in the end.
ReplyDeleteThe first question can be taken in a variety of ways. When asked how many proteins an animal or plant can contain, this could refer to an individual cell or the organism as a whole. As far as my research regarding the second interpretation of the question, there are millions if not billions of coded proteins that exist in a human being at any given time. There are, however, only a couple thousand variations of proteins in the human genome. This truly magnifies the awesome power of our creator: to orchestrate the multitude of cells to successfully code the variety of intricate proteins.
If the first interpretation is applied, then the number is far more verifiable. This does not, however, reduce the astounding intricacy observed. In human cells, each is differentiated to have a different and unique function. On average, there are “no more than 2000 physiologically significant primary gene products (polypeptides) in a typical mammalian cell.” This information is according to researchers at PubMed.gov. This far reduces the overall count of proteins in an individual cell to far fewer.
In response to what the first cell would have to look like, there are a variety of interpretations but some very distinguished parameters. According to an article that I read in the journal Scientific American, the early cell would have been far different from the current cell model. The supposed primitive cell would have lacked complex intracellular function like mitochondria and ribosomes. Instead, it would have had a thick and porous outer membrane that surrounded DNA. This would eventually lead to the coding of proteins with the proper interaction with surrounding nutrients. These proteins would go on to create the complex structures within the cell. In order to prove this theory, scientists took DNA and phospholipids and combined them in water. This had extremely limited success as the temperature and salt conditions in the mixture had to be nearly perfect for any action to occur.
This early cell would also have had to have some sort of set of functions to continue to exist. In speculation, the requirement to move would likely have been important. As we see in many cells, the environment in which the cell moves in and out of is critical. If the temperature is too high, the cell will die of eruption. Likewise, if the salt content is too high, the cell will dehydrate and perish. So in inference, the ability to move is also critical. The ability to process the engulfed material would also be critical. In order to function, the early cell must have had some sort of nourishment to survive. These crucial components would be irreplaceable in the early cell.
(part 2)
ReplyDeleteIn the opinion of this author, there are so many conditions that must be met by this early cell, that survival at an early stage is unlikely to impossible. Even if these conditions were met, however, that does not infer that this early cell would be able to evolve into what we see in cells today. In order for more complex and voluminous cells, more genetic material must be added to the genome. The majority of scientists propose mutations or viruses as a solution. In both cases, the host cell ends worse than before. In a mutation, the formerly structured genome is then blasted apart in that section to a less ordered structure. This results in a non-functional portion of the cell, leaving it crippled resulting in death or instantaneous death. In the situation of a virus, the virus inserts new genetic material that causes the cell to pursue functions that detract from the homeostasis of the cell, eventually killing it. Both of these scenarios lead to the detriment of the cell.
In conclusion, this fascinating topic of early life is one worth pondering and contemplating from both sides of the argument. But it is equally crucial to return to the truth of our foundation at the end of each discourse. What an amazing world that we live in!
The first cell would probably be very simple. The cell would need a membrane to protect the inside biochemical happenings from the imposing outside forces – (lipid bilayer that controls what molecules enter/exit). The cell would also have some sort of nucleic acid and a form of Transl/Transc to reproduce. It’s hard to say what organelles the earliest cell had but they would need some sort of energy producing/synthesizing organelle. The earliest cell would have needed a membrane, a nucleus, and a chemically metabolic organelle. The first cell would look like a less-complex version of cells we see today.
ReplyDeleteThis cell, in order to survive and replicate and whatnot, would need to have reproductive, metabolic, and reconstructive capabilities. It would also need the ability to write a genetic code and do transcription and translation and all that jazz
In a purely evolution scenario? I think the first cell would be overwhelmingly simple. A simple membrane bound cell with enough nucleic acid to actually be called a cell and enough organelle(s) to be able to perform the most basic cellular activities.
The cell would have to be protected from the environment of the early earth (possibly extreme). If cells are evolving, then by now, bacteria and viruses and other baddies are also evolving, so the cell would need protection from those too.
No
The first cells would need to have some sort of cellular membrane, a way to translate DNA, some sort of way to gain and use energy, at least a simple nucleus and cytoplasm, and protein receptors on the outside of the cell.
ReplyDeleteThe most basic functions it would need would be able to reproduce, package and transcribe DNA, have some sort of transportation device to transport molecules around inside itself, be able to grow, have some sort of metabolism, some sort of cellular structure to keep the cell from collapsing, and be able to protect or heal itself.
The first cell in a purely evolution scenario would be amino acids that come together and form proteins and macromolecules in a prebiotic soup that contained atmospheric elements. Then a phospholipid would somehow attach to the cell and form a bilayer. The cell would eventually get to the point that it could reproduce.
The cell would have to protect itself from foreign bodies, bacteria, viruses, chemicals, fluctuations in temperature, the amount of space the cell has, and variations in salt content.
No, a cell could not evolve given what we know about cells today, because first, the prebiotic soup was able to create some amino acids, but it had to be under very precise conditions and measurements and even the ones made in a laboratory were not conductive to the formation of living cells and second, phospholipids are able to make single layered micelles, but cannot under those circumstances make a phospholipid bilayer. Therefore, evolution would not be a good idea of how cells formed.
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ReplyDeleteIf I had to think like an evolutionist and to follow the evolutionary reasoning that the primitive atmosphere had absence of molecules of oxygen, I would assume that the only possibility of cellular origin is that the first cell was prokaryotic (since it’s the simplest cell – I’m evolutionist…), anaerobic, asexual, and heterotrophic.
ReplyDeleteThe evolutionists believe that these cells suffered some invagination in their membrane, giving origin to most of the membranous organelles or, in other words, to the eukaryotic cells. The autotrophic cells stemmed after the first cells started to use H2O to break down CO2, instead of using H2S. Mitochondria and chloroplast, since they have their own membranes and DNA/RNA, are believed to be originally a primitive prokaryotic bacterium organism, which one day had a symbiotic relationship with another cells and became an organelle, further in the evolutionist process.
The fundamental functions that a primitive cell should have are: to reproduce genetic material to keep with the essential macromolecules, to be able to catalyze chemical reactions, and to produce energy for keeping with their metabolism.
Primitive cells would need to protect themselves from the outside environment, the differences in temperature, pH, and the varying on concentration of chemical solvents of the outside of the cell. For that, it had the permeable membrane, which could let molecules in and out of the cell, allowing necessary chemical adjustments.
With all we’ve been studying (and even before that), we can guarantee the vulnerability of the evolutionary process and the authority of the creation by God’s hand. It’s so much easier to believe in a sovereign God who created everything than to follow the uncertainties of evolutionism, depending on all its possibilities and assumptions.
As it was stated in the wiki page, the first cll had to be able to carry out three essential functions for life. The first cell had to be able to copy informational macro molecules, to carry out catalytic functions, and to use energy from the environment to bring forth chemical forms used by the cell. These three functions would allow life to begin. The cell would most importantly have to contain a cell membrane, because the membrane helps contain the activity with in the cell and helps protect the cell from harsh environments. Since the cell contains a membrane that contains the biochemical activity with in the cell, this would allow the cell to multiply. In addition to a membrane the cell would also have to contain nucleotides, because they are the code for the many important proteins required in the cell. The cell would also contain some sort of process through which it can obtain food, wether it is photosynthesis or by engulfing.
ReplyDeleteFrom a complete evolutionary stand point the first cell would need to be less complex than the “more complex” eukaryotic cells we know of today. Evolution theory believe that the first cells where prokaryotic and they evolved from there. A prokaryotic cell can carry out the functions, that the wiki page described, which might help feed evolutionist theory. However, we know that there is plenty of evidence that the cell could not evolve to a more complex organism. Evolutionist believe that the cell came together completely by chance, but we know that lipids do not create a bilayer when they come together. Phospholipids come together to form micelles, which is not what is need for the cell. The membrane is a very important part of the cell, because it has very important functions that allow the cell to preform the functions it needs to. If a bilayer can not be created on its own then, this is a sign that cells did not come into being by chance.
In the evolutionary scenario the first cell would have been an autotroph. Being the first cell, there wouldn’t be any other living organisms to depend on for energy. As for its structure and function, it would consist of the simplest form of life. It would need a membrane that could withstand the chaotic prebiotic time and its extreme temperatures and violence in order to survive and thrive. With that in mind it would be improbable for a membrane to even evolve. If it somehow did evolve it would most likely be a micelle and not a bilayer membrane, which would make it difficult if not impossible for the cell to even function. If a bilayer membrane did somehow evolve, the functions of the cell would like that of any other simple cell. It would carry out orders from the nucleus and function to survive and reproduce itself.
ReplyDeleteThe prebiotic soup theory is logically an impossible explanation for the existence of simple cellular organisms and much less of multicellular organisms. The conditions and timing would have to be perfect and precise. The prebiotic earth would have been everything but right for an organism to evolve.
As it states in the wiki page the first cells were fairly simple and had no huge basic structure to them. In order to be protected by harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, etc, they contained a membrane and a lipid bilayer formed by phospholipids. The first functions of the cell were also plainly simple. They were only to perform certain tasks such as photosynthesis for energy. Other tasks they performed where reproduction, protein synthesis, and a few other. In order to maintain life they had to be able to transcribe DNA. In my belief these cells most likely evolved during natural selection, creating new cells as material from their original cells was transcribed, moved around, creating new living organisms..
ReplyDeleteIn order to prove our hypothesis, we have to use science in order to prove its ability by testing it experimentally. I believe God is infinite and ultimately created these cells for his honor and glory. The only way we will know why these cells were created is until we encounter our heavenly father’s presence in heaven.
The first cells on earth would have to have some essential features. For example, it would need a membrane strong enough that it could protect the cell from the environments that were supposedly present billions of years ago. Yet the membrane would also have to be complex enough to take in essential molecules. It would also need a nucleus with genetic information stored within it. Some of the functions that this cell would need to be able to carry out are reproduction, transcription, translation, being able to use and produce energy, and being capable of sustaining itself.
ReplyDeleteFrom an evolutionary standpoint, there was a “prebiotic soup” and in it were molecules capable of creating amino acids as well as phospholipids. Under just the right conditions, the phospholipids managed to create a ring around the amino acids, creating a membrane. This is a theory however that has so many gaps that it’s not really that believable.
Cells would have to be protected from the harsh environment that evolutionists say were present billions of years ago.
Given what we know about cells today, to think that cells evolved really isn’t credible. First, phospholipids naturally create a micelle and not a bilayer, which is what living cells have. Second, this “first cell” wouldn’t have any of the organelles that are in cells. Third, cells are so complex and there’s still so much that isn’t understood about them, that it just isn’t logical that they developed all that complexity over billions of years.
Given just the right 182 proteins in the correct formation could theoretically give the first cell the shape of a sphere: because fatty acids form a ring when placed in water. These fatty acids would have to possess an inherent charge, hydrophobicity and consequently attraction to each other. The cell would need to resemble some sort of sphere or "sac" in order to contain the organelles, DNA, and other necessary structures. Some of the most basic functions would include the ability to: replicate RNA, metabolize fuel for energy, grow, repair damaged components, reproduce, protect itself.
ReplyDeleteWhile a cell may be able to adapt given certain circumstances, it is irreducibly complex. That is, a cell will not be able to function as efficiently with the removal of even one component; more often that not, the cell would cease to survive with the removal or mutation of even a single DNA chromosome, part of an enzyme, amino acid on a protein, etc etc. A cell would not be able to evolve using the most simple logic. Processes and energy are dependent upon each other- in other words, one cannot take place without the other. Alllll of the components of a cell would need to exist apart, then come together and arrange themselves just perfectly. How can an exploding star account for RNA replication? The "chicken-and-the-egg" scenario can only be explained by simultaneous creation... sounds strangely familiar to Genesis 1!
The first cells must have been simple and basic in structure, but they would also need to have a protective barrier from the harsh environment outside as well as the ability to perform basic cellular functions. A membrane and lipid bilayer would protect the cells from these conditions and the cell would also need to perform the photosynthesis, protein synthesis, reproductive capabilities as well as a few other necessities for life. The cells would evolve from natural selection and use DNA that would replicate itself when needed. The first cells would have been in a too prefect scenario to be yielded. From research that is available today we can see that this "prebiotic soup" theory could not be plausible because phospholipids do not for bilayers, but instead micelles. We also can see from experiments that cells have specific functions that need to happen at just the right time for the cell to function correctly. This causes the spontaneity that the cell could just evolve from a simple structure into something greater to be very unlikely.
ReplyDelete1,2) The first cell in its evolution form would need a membrane (function: protection from things entering that shouldn’t and also to keep organelles encapsulated), nucleotides and a system that would translate and transcribe a genetic code (function: reproduce itself and a way to restore components that have been damaged)-- nucleus, a system for metabolizing (function: a way to consume and produce energy which allows it to grow and develop), a mechanism that would manufacture proteins( function: receptors in the membrane to interact with environment), and structural components (functions: cytoplasm—transport molecules around inside itself; a structure similar to macromolecules—give support to keep it from collapsing)
ReplyDelete3)The membrane is vital in the protection of the first cells development. The environment in which it was fashioned would also be its greatest enemy. The membrane would need to be able to survive against the temperature variations from extremely high to freezing, dangerous chemicals also in the aqueous soup in which it was formed, and also this early “earth” was also in chaos with the violent volcanic ruptures and asteroid strikings.
4) Evolution has so many variables that need to happen in an exact order to produce a successful result. One thing keeps ringing in my head from Dr. Jones lectures: everything tries to go to the lowest energy state as possible. In evolution they seem to think that collide together with create something better than the two variables separated. I just remember Dr. Jones thoughts about evolution that it’s like throwing a hand grenade into your dirty room and then getting a cleaned-up room that is spotless. But let’s assume this is still possible with the basic atoms (hydrogen and helium) crashing together to make larger atoms in mass (oxygen and carbon) and then combined together and make molecules which then make membranes. The membrane is where the rubber meets the road, again. So the phospholipids when placed into water form a micelle independently, But for the micelle to be create exactly around the DNA (nucleotides), and stay intact through all those catastrophic events that it needs to protect itself from would be impossible. Also, if the micelle was created with phospholipids (rather than a protein-based) membrane being created of fatty acid tails would break apart because of how high the temperature would become, too. So, with this all happening it wouldn’t really have time to evolve, because it would just be trying to survive.
The first cells would have been simple in structure, but still contain the essential conditions of being a cell. They would need protection from the surrounding environment and confinement of biochemical activities. These first cells would also need to perform the basic cellular functions. The membrane and lipid bilayer would allow cells the protection from harsh conditions in order for them to perform tasks such as photosynthesis. The cells would also be required perform protein synthesis, DNA replication, and transcription of RNA from DNA. These cells most likely developed by natural selection to evolve into the first prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and other multi-cellular organisms found on Earth. The hypothesis of prebiotic soup would have to allow for the ‘right stuff’ to come together naturally by chance and form complex organisms from simple cells. Evolution can be explained through various theories, but there is an underlying problem with how perfect everything would need to be in order for the first cells to have evolved. I believe that cells adapt to their environments and can change, however the precise conditions needed to make multi-cellular organisms from simple cells cannot be reproduced in a laboratory.
ReplyDeleteThe first cells would need the following things:
ReplyDelete1. A genetic sequence
2. Machinery to transcribe the genetic sequence
3. Machinery to translate a code to a protein
4. Enzymes to help catalyze reactions
5. Metabolic processes to gain energy (either through photosynthesis or a process of breaking down food)
6. Ability to reproduce
7. Have a protective membrane around itself and its vital organelles
The first cell would probably look like a membrane with a clumped area of RNA and an organelle that carried out a metabolic process. It would need a lipid bilayer membrane to protect it from the outside. It would need protection from extreme temperatures, salt concentrations, pH extremes, and other possible cells. This would mean it would need some proteins imbedded into the membrane as well to protect from extreme concentrations. It would also need unsaturated lipids to help it live in the extreme temperatures.
Evolutionists theorize that the first cells came to be by ancient prokaryotic species coming together to form symbiotic relationships. These species already developed the lipid bilayer needed and the genetic code. The problem with this theory is how they were able to communicate and share their genetic code. Another problem is how the two cells that fused were able to stop fusing with other cells afterward. Basically, the first cells would need a marker to recognize another cell to allow that cell in and a code to stop the fusion of other cells once the complement cell was found.
Given what we know about cells today, it is a hard to say that evolution is how cells developed. Firstly, how could the genetic code have been made? It is shown that amino acids can be made and that given the right circumstances nucleotides could be put together. But how is it possible that the right nucleotides were put together to create a protein that did something? Even if it happened to randomly put a correct code together, it would still need mechanisms created to read that code and translate it properly. The membranes that are made for the cell also are difficult to produce. A lipid bilayer is incredibly complex. To protect the cells, it needs proteins embedded into the membrane for channels. Now, we can say after many trials and errors that something could be formed. But the biggest problem is that all these processes are needed to make the cell function. Not all of these trial and errors would produce every correct process need in one cell. The cell would die before it got to getting the next function right. Even the idea that two cells could come together and work symbiotically does not provide evidence of chance, but rather design. The complexity of the cell, even at its simplest, requires ordered processes that are determined.
The first cell would have the characteristics of first have to have a cell membrane. Also having a barrier to protect it from viruses that can kill of the cell. A lipid bilayer has a function of allowing certain molecules in and out of the cell. The first would be simple in having to be able to duplicate DNA, and be able to adapt to their surroundings. Over time they would have to learn to fight off new bacteria or viruses that would enter their system. The pre-biotic soup was from amino acids from an aqueous liquid. The cell would have to protect itself from its surroundings. The surrounding would have been harsh conditions for the cell, to be able to stand the cold and hot climate. So for a cell to evolve over time would be hard for the cell. It would need time to go through a process of fighting off the viruses and bacteria attacking it. On top of that it would also be fighting off the harsh environment. I do not think that a cell could have had the time or even the resources to be able to evolve over time.
ReplyDeleteAccording to evolutionist, the first cell was derived from a “pre-biotic soup” that was composed of different molecules and amino acids. Because of the earth’s young atmosphere the conditions had to of been just right for the cell to form. Based upon this theory, the first cell would have been simple in its form because it was made from scraps. It would probably have few if any organelles and RNA sequence bound by a bilayer of phospholipids making up the cells membrane.
ReplyDeleteIn order to survive the cell would need to be able to…
Generate its own energy
Have the ability to replicate, translation/transcription
Have a solid cell membrane
Transport molecules by vesicles and other units
Be able to mature
“Carry out catalytic functions”
Without a cell membrane the cell would not have much chance of surviving because it protects the inner contents from being released. It has been suggested by some evolutionist though that this membrane would not have had the same form as cells do today. Instead, the membrane would have been less structured allowing more contents the ability to flow into and out of the cell more easily.This membrane would probably be composed of phospholipids and proteins. The problem with this is that when amino acids are put into water they are not capable of forming any stable basis for life. If the first cell were formed in this soup then the ability for a cell membrane to form is not very likely. As with all living things there probably were things that the cell was vulnerable to. Being the first cell there would be no threats such as bacteria or viruses. The only real threat would be the environmental temperature and possibly it not having a strong enough membrane to prevent unnecessary items from entering the cell. This more free flow of entry could greatly decrease its ability to survive. Having the knowledge of cellular structure today, it is not possible for cells to evolve. God is the creator of all creation and the complex design of life is evidence of this in itself.
Going off of the information presented, the first cell would have been expected to have a structure that was not overly complex since it would have been formed by random events. It also would have started in a simple stage because it would have replicated more complex as time went on. This could indicate that the first cell would have started, not with a lipid bilayer, but with micelle that would try and serve the same purpose as the lipid bilayer. It would need to have a semi-premiable membrane that was able to detect what the cell needed in order to evolve and what is did not need because it would inhibit the ability of the cell to successfully reproduce. The cell would also need organelles for the storage of energy and food. Also the first cell would need some kind of genetic code such as DNA or RNA in order to reproduce.(It would not be easy for the cell to obtain this). The essential things the cell would need to contain are, some structure for protection, some way to self-substain itself, and a way to self-reproduce. I feel like in this kind of environment the cell would struggle with maintaining an equilibrium that would allow to survive. I think the cell would need to be protected from the the whole outside environment. I would image that the world would not be completely stable and therefore there would be changes of high and low temperatures. The cell would need to be protected from any kind of harmful antigen such as a virus or bacteria. I do not think a cell would be able to evolve from what we know today. A cell seems to be way to complex to just be formed by random chance. When we looked at cells growing up, everything sounds pretty simple, but now that we are in college and are learning all these things, I am beginning to see how complex and amazing cellular life is. We recently learned that in order for the cell to even move it is a very complex processes. Also, for the cell to perform a lot of its functions it needs proteins. Well how does the cell produce proteins if it needs proteins to make proteins. The more we learn about cellular life, the more I see how intelligent and amazing our God is.
ReplyDeleteIn light of all this the structure of the first cell would reflect its needs for the basic components. The first cell would firstly need a membrane because a membrane is used to partition the cell and in doing so according to evolutionary theories would provide an advantage. This advantage would be demonstrated by the cell housing chemical and biological interactions that it would directly benefit from because of its proximity and containment of the interactions. This membrane would then collect the various developing process within its borders due to the advantages provided by being developed within the membrane which would then lead according to evolutionary theory to the development of organelles. This membrane however wouldn’t just be essential for keeping things in but also for regulating, protecting and serving as the barrier or platform for all of the first cells interactions with it’s environment. Even the very first cell if it were to house other essential functions such a metabolic pathways, the ability to produce proteins, to acquire energy, to regulate and replicate itself would require this protection and mediatory role of the membrane with the environment. It would be necessary to protect the cell from harsh external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and other chemicals that would disrupt its internal metabolic pathways and developing organelles. The membrane would have to be strong enough to withstand the harsh conditions but flexible enough to still interact with the environment so I think the first membrane would by necessity be of a similar construct as the membranes of current day cells. Besides this cellular membrane, the cell would also require metabolic pathways so that it could carry out advantageous chemical reactions, and would also had to have a means of communicating information. This need to communicate even within the cell itself would be essential to the cell to retain it’s advantage or continue into a more favorable entropic state. Communication whether it is within in the cell itself or amongst the cells is essential to advantage as the integration of information and the community of cells would provided the cells within them an advantage. The first cell would by necessity resemble the cells that we have today because for a cell to function it requires the cumulative work of many mechanisms in unison. The first cell would have still had the critical components that define cells today, such as membranes, metabolic pathways, ways to store and communicate information, the ability to interact with the environment among many other functions that are critical to maintaining homeostasis and life within the cell.
ReplyDeleteI do not think that a cell could evolve given what we know about cells today. The formation of a cellular membrane as demonstrated in class requires intricate planning to construct the phospholipid bilayers. This exemplifies the main reason why I do not think that cells could evolve given what we know about them today and that is because I don’t think a progression of favorable entropic states or advantageous adaptions could lead to the intricate design that is necessary in the construction of a cell. I believe that cells demonstrate the need for a design on every level so that their complex mechanism and interactions prove to be beneficial to the cell. You can give the evolution of cells any time scale you want but design cannot arise out of disordered collisions rather it must be the work of a designer.
The explosion known as the Big Bang has started the origin of life with an extreme environment. The first cell would start out with simple structure which later became more complex as time goes by. Due to the harsh environment, cell must have a characteristic to sustain itself from this harsh environment. It must obtain certain look, shapes, and functions. It also must have an ability to transform energy into usable form, to carry out certain functions, and to copy out informational macromolecules as its basic functions. These essential processes must be met for the formation of cell.
ReplyDeleteMost things start out small in size. It becomes bigger as it grows - the same to the first cell. In a purely evolution scenario, cell would start out look like a sphere shape (it makes sense because sphere shape has the most durable shape out of all the shapes and also facilitates mobility of the cell) consists of small organelles inside that are protected by a layer known as the membrane; the membrane made out of bilayer known as the phopholipid. The shape of the cell with its simple characteristics would make them gain more focus on sustain themselves against the extreme atmosphere. Unlike without membrane, all of the organelles would floating around and none of would benefit. This leads to incapable of reproducing. Without reproducing, there would not be us on this earth. As we have seen today’s cells, they are very complex compare and were divided into three domains. The three domains came from how, where, and what kind of environments these cells were in and it develops over time. As the atmosphere or the environment changes, so do the cells. They would have to adapt themselves to different types of environment in order to stay alive. The evolution of cell somewhat can give some information about cells today but only part of it. However, it is still a mystery on how can cell know what to take in and what not to take in to itself.
Essentially the cells at the beginning of the evolutionary theory would look the same as today but most likely have a more basic form. This would include the cell membrane made of phospholipids, nucleic acids the ability to retain energy and use it for the reproduction of the cell and transcription/ translation.
ReplyDeleteEvolution dictates that cells started in the pre-biotic soup many different amino acids and phospholipids would be present forming the first membrane layers and the cell itself. As the first cell ever its protection would need to be from the turbulent environment not other cells as they would not exist yet. Mostly the varying temperatures and chemicals would threaten the cell.
The idea that a cell could evolve is a question of whether or not the membrane could be created. From what we have discovered the phospholipids for micelles but cannot for bilayers on their own this along with the incredible workings on a cellular level all point towards a creator that had a hand in the amazing creation called man.
Animals and plants contain close to a million molecules of each protein on average in actuality. Proteins are a product of DNA transcription and translation, and determine the cells' functions. Different cells must function differently; the transcription and translation process is highly regulated so that only necessary proteins are present in the cell. So, there are going to be highly varying amounts of proteins in any of the different cell types; the abundance of different proteins varies widely, depending on the cell class and its function.
ReplyDeleteGiven all of this, the first cell would look like a purse that carried information or directions; it consisted of just a fatty membrane that surrounds genetic information inside. They lacked the structures and proteins that now make them tick. In contrast, the membranes of modern cells consist of phospholipids; a double layer of fatty acids. In order to figure out what the first cell would look like, much simpler fatty acids that might exist on a primeval Earth were used. It would need to develop one porous enough to let in needed nutrients (such as nucleotides or DNA) but it also would need to be strong enough to protect the genetic material inside and keep it from slipping out after replicating. The fatty acids formed into a ring, or membrane, around the genetic segment while the fatty acids and a strip of DNA were in the water. After nucleotides were added, these nucleotides penetrated the membrane and replicate the DNA inside it. Therefore, a prototype of a primitive cell had necessities for all the basic properties of life.
Some of the most basic functions it would need are information processing, signaling, mechanical support, protection, reproduction, energy transfer. For the information processing, the first cell would need to interpret internal and external information. Internal information is encoded in DNA, which tells the cell how to build proteins. The cell gathers information from many possible sources. The needs of the body and the local environment around the cell change constantly, though, requiring the cell to be able to respond appropriately. For signaling, the first cell would need to send out signals, so the flow of information works in both directions. It needs to communicate with other cells in order to processing information. For the mechanical support, some function could more toward providing mechanical support while the first cell would need to provide informational support. For the protection, the first cell would need to protect themselves, each other and its body. This is facilitated by when it could use its ability to interpret and send out information and at times even by mechanical support. For the reproduction, the reproduction does not necessarily refer only to the sperm and eggs. The first cell would need to replicate in the process of mitosis. Lastly, for the energy transfer, all of these functions and others would not be able to take place without a source of energy. The first cell would need to make energy from oxygen and glucose in the blood. The energy is converted into chemicals that are easier for the cell to store and use at its discretion, mostly in a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP.
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ReplyDeleteIn a purely evolution scenario, I would think the first cell would look like having proteins and membranes that are from amino acids. In order to satisfy these conditions in the first cell, the amino acids would form and come from the prebiotic soup or primordial soup, a situation that was the amino acids collected and combined to form more complex molecules, came out to be many combinations of the amino acids to ensure that a fraction of these molecules would combine "properly" with the right activation energy. Consequently, the first cell could arrange membranes and proteins. (In addition, big bang could also support the formation of the amino acids in order to make proteins and membranes in the first cell, which the long-sought primordial helium, one of the two original chemical elements (the even more abundant hydrogen being the other), were created from all stars and galaxies. Through nuclear reactions of hydrogen and helium in the centers of stars, the heavy elements, like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen and were came later and became essential elements for amino acids.)
It would have to be protected from harmful chemicals, compression of spaces, extreme temperature, predators such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and extreme amount of water or salt composition. To prevent or protect these virulent factors, DNA information, protein catalysts (enzymes), and a protective environment are all required simultaneously for life to exist. DNA has the information to maintain this barrier, the cell membrane, and proteins provide the catalyst for carrying out the reactions necessary for building and maintaining the barrier to prevent unwanted reactions with the chemicals in the environment. . Information in DNA also constructs the cell membrane so that it selects substances useful to the cell and protects against those that will cause harm. Others would be its membranes, its specific channels, and its cytoskeleton, its specific proteins that support to control and deal with the compression of spaces and the extreme amount of the water or salt composition.
A cell could not evolve given what we know about cells today. Phospholipids originally do not form a bilayer, but form a micelle. Therefore, it is hard to explain that the bilayer would form in the prebiotic soup and the primitive cell would evolve into the complex cell. In conclusion, God is the only creator of this universe, even small details like the cell; He works for all these creations.
The very first cells, from an evolutionary standpoint, must have had some sort of primitive membrane, a nucleus of sort containing nucleotides that provide the blueprint for the activities of the cell, and complete metabolic pathways enabling it to efficiently obtain and utilize energy. If any of these factors are not present, life would not be possible and thus, the cell would die off. Its plasma membrane must be sophisticated enough to selectively allow different substances in and out of the cell. It must protect the cell from the harsh exterior conditions. We know that the first cell must have been photosynthetic being that the sun was the only available source of energy. While doing research for our research challenge, I read that an organism, though it wants to be as close to the light source as possible to obtain the maximum amount of energy, if it gets too close, it may burn its photosynthetic membranes and die as a result. This means that the membrane must be able to prevent the interior environment of the cell from burning up from the extreme temperatures.
ReplyDeletePhospholipids naturally form single layered membranes known as micelles, unable to support life. The phospholipid bilayer must not have come from the prebiotic soup. Our current knowledge on the reproduction of cells indicates that somatic cells do not increase in complexity when they reproduce; they simply make “copies” of themselves, nothing more. The Lord’s hand is seen in all His creation, He alone orchestrated all these factors perfectly to sustain life when He chose to create the world.